Template Credit: Adapted from a template made available by Dr. Jason Brownlee of Machine Learning Mastery.

SUMMARY: The project aims to construct a time series prediction model and document the end-to-end steps using a template. The Water Utility Consumers dataset is a univariate time series situation where we attempt to forecast future outcomes based on past data points.

INTRODUCTION: The problem is to forecast the monthly number of water utility consumers in London, United Kingdom. The dataset describes a time series of utility accounts over 11 years (1983-1994), and there are 216 observations. We used the first 80% of the observations for training and testing various models while holding back the remaining observations for validating the final model.

ANALYSIS: The baseline persistence model yielded an RMSE of 2828. The CNN model processed the same test data with an RMSE of 2395, which was better than the baseline model as expected. In an earlier ARIMA modeling experiment, the best ARIMA model with non-seasonal order of (0, 1, 1) and seasonal order of (0, 0, 1, 12) processed the validation data with an RMSE of 2260.

CONCLUSION: For this dataset, the TensorFlow CNN model achieved an acceptable result, and we should consider using TensorFlow for further modeling.

Dataset Used: Number of water consumers in London, United Kingdom, Jan 1983 through April 1994.

Dataset ML Model: Time series forecast with numerical attribute.

Dataset Reference: Rob Hyndman and Yangzhuoran Yang (2018). tsdl: Time Series Data Library. v0.1.0. https://pkg.yangzhuoranyang./tsdl/.

The HTML formatted report can be found here on GitHub.

Template Credit: Adapted from a template made available by Dr. Jason Brownlee of Machine Learning Mastery.

SUMMARY: The project aims to construct a time series prediction model and document the end-to-end steps using a template. The Monthly Rainfall Coppermine dataset is a univariate time series situation where we attempt to forecast future outcomes based on past data points.

INTRODUCTION: The problem is to forecast the monthly rainfall. The dataset describes a time series of rainfall (in millimeters) over 44 years (1933-1976), and there are 528 observations. We used the first 80% of the observations for training and testing various models while holding back the remaining observations for validating the final model.

ANALYSIS: The baseline persistence model yielded an RMSE of 12.234. The CNN model processed the same test data with an RMSE of 12.239, which was comparable to the baseline model as expected. In an earlier ARIMA modeling experiment, the best ARIMA model with non-seasonal order of (0, 0, 2) and seasonal order of (1, 0, 1, 12) processed the validation data with an RMSE of 10.73.

CONCLUSION: For this dataset, the TensorFlow CNN model achieved an acceptable result, and we should consider using TensorFlow for further modeling.

Dataset Used: Monthly Rainfall Coppermine 1933 through 1976.

Dataset ML Model: Time series forecast with numerical attribute.

Dataset Reference: Rob Hyndman and Yangzhuoran Yang (2018). tsdl: Time Series Data Library. v0.1.0. https://pkg.yangzhuoranyang./tsdl/.

The HTML formatted report can be found here on GitHub.

Template Credit: Adapted from a template made available by Dr. Jason Brownlee of Machine Learning Mastery.

SUMMARY: The project aims to construct a time series prediction model and document the end-to-end steps using a template. The Annual Immigration into USA dataset is a univariate time series situation where we attempt to forecast future outcomes based on past data points.

INTRODUCTION: The problem is to forecast the annual number of people immigrating to the United States. The dataset describes a time-series of people (in thousands) over 143 years (1820-1962), and there are 143 observations. We used the first 80% of the observations for training and testing various models while holding back the remaining observations for validating the final model.

ANALYSIS: The baseline persistence model yielded an RMSE of 52,116. The LSTM model processed the same test data with an RMSE of 38,031, which was better than the baseline model as expected. In an earlier ARIMA modeling experiment, the best ARIMA model with non-seasonal order of (0, 1, 2) processed the validation data with an RMSE of 61,789.

CONCLUSION: For this dataset, the TensorFlow LSTM model achieved an acceptable result, and we should consider using TensorFlow for further modeling.

Dataset Used: Annual immigration into the United States, 1820-1962.

Dataset ML Model: Time series forecast with numerical attribute.

Dataset Reference: Rob Hyndman and Yangzhuoran Yang (2018). tsdl: Time Series Data Library. v0.1.0. https://pkg.yangzhuoranyang./tsdl/.

The HTML formatted report can be found here on GitHub.

Template Credit: Adapted from a template made available by Dr. Jason Brownlee of Machine Learning Mastery.

SUMMARY: The project aims to construct a time series prediction model and document the end-to-end steps using a template. The Ozone Concentration at Arosa dataset is a univariate time series situation where we attempt to forecast future outcomes based on past data points.

INTRODUCTION: The problem is to forecast the monthly ozone concentration levels measured at Arosa, Switzerland. The dataset describes a time series of concentration levels (in Dobson unit or DU) over a 40 years period (1932-1971), and there are 480 observations. We used the first 80% of the observations for training and testing various models while holding back the remaining observations for validating the final model.

ANALYSIS: The baseline persistence model yielded an RMSE of 21.821. The CNN-LSTM model processed the same test data with an RMSE of 18.668, which was better than the baseline model as expected. In an earlier ARIMA modeling experiment, the best ARIMA model with non-seasonal order of (2, 0, 4) and seasonal order of (2, 0, 1, 12) processed the validation data with an RMSE of 16.6.

CONCLUSION: For this dataset, the TensorFlow CNN-LSTM model achieved an acceptable result, and we should consider using TensorFlow for further modeling.

Dataset Used: Monthly Ozone Concentration at Arosa January 1932 through December 1971.

Dataset ML Model: Time series forecast with numerical attribute.

Dataset Reference: Rob Hyndman and Yangzhuoran Yang (2018). tsdl: Time Series Data Library. v0.1.0. https://pkg.yangzhuoranyang./tsdl/.

The HTML formatted report can be found here on GitHub.